Assignment 1 Terms
Kumi Hosaka, DMST 2100
Bandwith – the amount of data that can be transferred through the network in a fixed period of time. On the Internet, the rate of transfer is expressed in bits per second (bps) or in higher units such as Mbps (millions of bits per second). A 28.8 modem is able to deliver 28,800 bps, while a T1 line can deliver about 1.5 Mbps. (bandwidth definition).
Gigabyte (GB) – unit of measurement in computers, made up of one billion bytes in the short scale usage. Because computers work on the binary system, rather than a gigabyte being 103 megabytes (1000 MBs), a gigabyte is actually 210 megabytes (1024 MBs). Because of differences in definition between the standard SI implementation of prefixes and the computer implementations, the number could be either 1,000,000,000 bytes or 109 bytes, which is the definition used by telecommunications engineers and some storage manufacturers. This is consistent with the SI prefix "giga-"; or 1,073,741,824 bytes, which is equal to 10243, or 230. This is the definition often used in computer science, computer programming, and nearly all computer operating systems. This measure being abbreviated as GiB (gibibyte) to avoid ambiguity has been suggested. (Wiki).
Intranet – a LAN (local area network) that is used internally in an organization that sometimes restricts access; usually this term refers to the internal web site. The technologies of the web are used to build the intranet (web browsers, servers running on the internet protocol suite). Internet protocols are also used, especially ftp and e-mail. There is no need to have any access from the internal network to the Internet; if there is, a firewall with a gateway will be used where all access takes place. The security department of an organization can monitor the traffic that goes through the gateway. The organization that allow the staff Internet access can determine which sites are being viewed, block access to sites that they don’t want viewed, and trace offenders who keep trying to view them. They can block certain types of content that they view as a a security risk. (Wiki).
IMAP – Acronym for Internet Message Access Protocol. It was previously called Interactive Mail Access Protocol. It is an application layer Internet protocol that is used for accessing e-mail on a remote server from a local client. The two most prevalent standard protocols for e-mail retrieval are IMAP and POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3); both are supported by nearly all modern e-mail clients and servers. Mark Crispin designed IMAP as an alternative to POP3. The current version of IMAP is IMAP version 4 revision 1 (IMAP4rev1) and is defined by RFC 3501. (Wiki).
NASDAQ – once an acronym for National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. The National Association of Securities Dealers runs this stock exchange. It was the world’s first electronic stock market, beginning trade on February 8, 1971. It is the largest American stock exchange since 1999. The main exchange is located in the United States of America with a branch exchange in Japan. One in Canada was open from December 2001 to July 12, 2004. There are also associations with exchanges in Hong Kong and Europe.
To increase competition, NASDAQ allows multiple market participants to trade through the electronic communications networks (ECNs) structure. Introduced in 1984, The Small Order Execution System (SOES) is another NASDAQ feature. This is to ensure that in 'turbulent' market conditions, small market orders are automatically processed. In 2002, NASDAQ adopted Super Montage (SUMO), allowing market makers show up to 5 levels of their prices. SOES was replaced by SUMO. (Wiki).
PVR – short for personal video recorder, also known as DVR (digital video recorder). It is a consumer electronics device that records television programs to a hard disk in digital format. Various models now offer the option to record on to DVDs. PVRs make the feature of recording programs to a storage area for the viewer’s to watch anytime much more convenient. It allows pausing of live TV, instant replay, and fast forwarding through commercials. Most recorders use the MPEG format. Popular PVRs include TiVo and ReplayTV. There are ways to make PVR using software and hardware available for Microsoft Windows, Linux and Macintosh operating systems. People are even working on making the XBOX into a PVR with a modchip. (Wiki).
Spamming – using any electronic communications medium to send unsolicited messages in bulk to recipients who have not solicited the messages. The messages themselves are called spam. Traditional methods include billboards and TV and newspaper ads. The most common form of spam is in e-mail for purposes of commercial advertising. However, people have done things comparable to spamming for many purposes other than commercial, and in many media other than e-mail. The various ways for spammers to send unsolicited messages include instant messaging, Usenet newsgroups, Web search engines, weblogs, and cell phone text messaging. However, "legitimate" advertising is usually spared being called spam. The rising importance of search engines introduced a new form of spam, called Spamdexing, which aims at boosting a commercial site's page rank. (Wiki)